The Argonauts of the Western Pacific: an Account of Native Enterprise and Adventure in the Archipelagoes of Melanesian New Guinea. Manchester: Manchester University Press. Aldershot, Hants, England ; Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 197-214. Falzon (Ed.). In most of the cases this happens by following something or by moving between various connected sites, but it also can involve research in one single place while considering the global influences. In response, Marcus’ 1995 article proposed ‘multi-sited ethnography’ as a name for modes of research which collapse the distinction between the local site and the global system, thereby challenging the division of labour separating the ‘fieldsite’ as province of the ethnographer from the more abstract ‘context’ which requires the different tools of the economist or the political scientist. The Nuer: A description of the modes of livelihood and political institutions of a Nilotic people. Contemporary ethnography is based almost entirely on fieldwork and requires the complete immersion of the anthropologist in the culture and everyday life of the people who are the subject of the study. Falzon, M.-A. Multi-sited ethnography : theory, praxis and locality in contemporary research. Milton Keynes: Open University Press. Berkeley: University of California Press. While this is an important corrective, there may also be cases in which the kind of ‘thickness’ and emplacement associated with traditional ethnographic accounts is not unproblematically a feature of the life and knowledge of people who are themselves mobile or multi-sited, such as international migrants: “understanding the shallow may itself be a form of depth” (Falzon, 2009a, p. 9; see also Candea, n.d.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Favorite Answer. Candea, M. 2007. This charge, like the former, was predicted by Marcus who, in subsequent redefinitions of multi-sitedness, devoted increasing attention to questions of engagement, complicity and collaboration (Marcus, 1999b; Marcus, 2009). Multi-Sited Ethnography has established itself as a fully-fledged research method among anthropologists and sociologists in recent years. The challenge to studying transnationalism and globalization is, first, a conceptual one, and only second, and as a result of the first, a methodological one. One notable exception, which prefigures many of the later concerns of multisitedness, was the ‘extended case’ methodology developed by Max Gluckman and the ‘Manchester School’ (Gluckman, 1958; Van Velsen, 1967). In G. Marcus (Ed.). Multi-sited ethnography : theory, praxis and locality in contemporary research. Ethnography through thick and thin(59). Multi-sited Ethnography The investigation and documentation of peoples and cultures embedded in the larger structures of a globalizing world, utilizing a range of … Latour, B. Marcus, G. 1995. Multisite definition: having or relating to more than one site | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples Multi-sited ethnography : theory, praxis and locality in contemporary research. (Ed.). Multi-sited ethnography is when you are doing an ethnographic study in multiple places and comparing the emergent results. The multi-sited ethnographer should identify ‘systemic’ realities in ‘local’ places, studying the world system directly on the ground; this requires a willlingness to leave behind the bounded fieldsite and follow people, stories, metaphors, or objects, as they themselves travel from place to place, and move between different media (In this Marcus was himself explicitly following the lead of contemporary work in science and technology studies Latour, 1987). This single-sited research imaginary can in part be traced to the rejection of the late-19th century sampling model of research by early theorists such as Rivers, whose call for holistic single-locale research was popularised (and appropriated) with such success by Malinowski (Stocking, 1983). A related concern emerged that multi-sitedness would lead to an ethical disengagement, severing the roaming anthropologist from his or her ‘constituency’. In A. L. Epstein (Ed.). Oxford: Princeton University Press. Multisited ethnography is a methodological approach first described by anthropologist George Marcus that has become widely used and invoked in studies of geographically dispersed phenomena such as capital and labor market flows, commodity chains, international institutions, migration, and communications media. 3(3), 285-303. In R. G. Fox (Ed.). As I have tried to show, the concept of multi-sited ethnography tries to give an understanding of the global relevance of local multiplicities. 1967. The aspect of multi-sited ethnography that seems especially questionable is the assumption that a shared experience between researcher and informants would produce comprehension of social life. More and more, ethnographers carry out their research in many sites, often across borders, in radically different spaces and environments. This methodological case study provides insights to doing multi-sited ethnography and auto-ethnography and highlights some of the associated challenges and nuances. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. This is the kind of 12. Cambridge Paris: Cambridge University Press Editions de la Maison des Sciences de l'Homme. Artists, Artistic Culture, and Community: A Multi-sited Ethnography of Meaning-making within Three Artistic Communities View/ Open SCOTT-DISSERTATION-2015.pdf (1.016Mb) It combines several approaches to case study research, borrowing from the positivist tradition, the interpretative approach and the qualitative research corpus. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. This collection of essays emerged out of intense conversations on multi-sited ethnography, prompted by a workshop held at the University of Sussex that brought together researchers from different institutional backgrounds and affiliations in Europe, the United States and Africa – including George Marcus himself, the person most associated with the term and the method. Ethnographic fieldwork is the method that defines social anthropology. Multi-sited ethnography : problems and possibilities in the translocation of research methods. Get this from a library! Candea, M. n.d. Fragments of Corsica: Difference, belonging and the intimacies of fieldwork. Englund, H., Leach, J., Davies, C. A., Gupta, A., Meyer, B., Robbins, J. et al. In G. W. Stocking (Ed.). 5(4), 463. Candea (2007) argues that the ‘research imaginary’ of multi-sitedness remains holistic in its suggestion that the local site is unsatisfactorily ‘incomplete’, and calls as a corrective, for a methodological attention to productive ways of cutting (and not just expanding) ethnographic vistas. The most common concern has been that multi-sitedness, by spreading the ethnographer too thinly across space, jeopardises anthropology’s commitment to depth and thick description (see for instancePedelty & Hannerz, 2004), or more pointedly, that multi-sited anthropology’s new aspirations might undermine its regard for subjects’ own understandings of context and emplacement (Englund et al., 2000). To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade your browser. 1991. Published as: Candea, M. (2009) Multi-sited Ethnography. The broader problem was succintly summarised by Michael Herzfeld: ‘The term “multi-sited ethnography […] suffers from the same oversimplifiation of the notion of fieldwork location as does the term “globalization”. The Ethnographer's Magic: Fieldwork in British Anthropology from Tylor to Malinowski. Malinowski, B. Multi-sited Ethnography migrants and those left at home presented themselves, I can only include material that illustrates the methodological and ethnographic observations I make below -despite Fine's (2003) insistence that we include evidence to show our claims are justified. Mintz, S. W. 1985. : Multi-Sited Ethnography has established itself as a fully-fledged research method among anthropologists and sociologists in recent years. 1992. Towards this end, I designed multi-sited ethnographic case studies to understand bottom-up-driven community empowerment among African communities in Australia. Multi-Sited Ethnography. 12, No. New York: Viking Penguin. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute. It responds to the challenge of combining multi-sited work with the need for in-depth analysis, allowing for a more considered study of social worlds. Global Ethnoscapes: Notes and Queries for a Transnational Anthropology. This collection of essays emerged out of intense conversations on multi-sited ethnography, prompted by a workshop held at the University of Sussex that brought together researchers from different institutional backgrounds and affiliations in Europe, the United States and Africa – including George Marcus himself, the person most associated with the term and the method. Remembering Conflicts in a Black Sea Town: A multi-sited Ethnography of Memory - Volume 34 - Arzu Öztürkmen Van Velsen, J. By the late 80s, arguments about the rhetorical artificiality of single-sited holism on the one hand (Thornton, 1988), and on the other, an increasing concern with global interconnectedness – be it in the form of an engouement with flow, movement and ‘globalisation’ (Appadurai, 1991), or in the worries of Neo-Marxist critics for whom only an understanding of the ‘world system’ or ‘global political economy’ could give meaning and political relevance to the local (Wallerstein, 1979; Wolf, 1983; Mintz, 1985) – had chipped away at the bases of ethnographic authority and the relevance of anthropological knowledge, ‘traditionally’ construed. Observers Observed: Essays on Ethnographic Fieldwork. Matsutake Worlds Research Group. Aldershot, Hants, England ; Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 47-72. Falzon, M.-A. In M.-A. London: Tavistock, 129-149. Ethnography moves from its conventional single-site location, contextualized by macro-constructions of a larger social order, such as the capitalist world system, to multiple sites of observation and participation that cross-cut dichotomies such as the “local” and the “global,” the “lifeworld” and the “system.” Ethnography and the Meta-Narratives of Modernity 1. Petryna, A. The second is the complex – and ongoing – methodological discussion which has coalesced around George Marcus’ coinage of the phrase in 1995. Evans-Pritchard, E. E. 1940. 1987. The practice of ethnographic work in more than one place long pre-existed Marcus’s intervention. The Multi-Site Study is a qualitative research approach that we designed to gain an in-depth knowledge of an organizational phenomenon that had barely been researched: strategic scanning. Cook, J., Laidlaw, J., & Mair, J. At its best, such as in Petryna’s account of the aftermath of the Chernobyl disaster (2002), multi-sited ethnography allowed an ethographic engagement with seemingly large-scale entities such as ‘bioethics’ and ‘international scientific debate’, without jeopardising the intimate portrayal of people’s lives. Multi-sited ethnography and longitudinal studies make possible travel over extended periods of time and can attempt to unpack connections and barriers in learning across practices (Marcus 2009). More and more, ethnographers carry out their research in many sites, often across borders, in … Evans Pritchard’s The Nuer (1940), another incontrovertible classic, makes clear from the outset the multiple and indeed patchy nature of the author’s ethnographic encounters with Nuer in different locations. Despite, or indeed because of these various critiques, the main achievement of Marcus’ coinage has been to expand, not our ‘carbon footprint’ (Falzon, 2009a, p. 2), but rather the scope of anthropological debates on the methodological, ethical and philosophical implications of fieldwork location. Anthropology of science, behaviour, ethics, human-animal relations, objectivity, Routledge encyclopedia of social and cultural anthropology. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. The concept of multi-sited ethnography is simple at the core: its aim as a method ofethnography is to move away from the traditional approach of single site basedethnographic research towards a shift in methodology that proposes that the ethnographerinvestigates different sites and … The promise of multisitedness then, was, far beyond the simple multiplication of fieldsites, a new language of relevance and a new form of authority for ethnographic knowledge. 13, 167-184. ), Multi-Sited Ethnography: Problems and Possibilities in the Translocation of Research Methods (New York, 2011), 16 – 32. Definition of multisite : involving, occurring at, or having more than one site or location a multisite clinical trial multisite collaboration Unfortunately, the report excludes 38% of workers who work at multisite businesses (such as Starbucks or Target). By opening up the term ‘site’ to a range of meanings beyond that of a mere geographical location (a ‘site’ could be an archive, ‘the media’, or a geographically dispersed population of practitioners), multi-sitedness also allowed those who engaged fully with the experimental potential of the method to craft self-consciously innovative and unconventional anthropological projects (Matsutake Worlds Research Group, 2009). A not so multi-sited ethnography of a not so imagined community. Proponents of multi-sitedness were correct, however, in identifying the single site as a key element of the discipline’s ‘research imaginary’ (Marcus, 1999a, p. 10): throughout much of the 20th century, anthropological ethnography had arguably come with a sense that the ‘the field’ should be a single place to which the ethnographer went and from which they returned. 485-486. It can be useful in personal adaptation, personal success, and to better understand other cultures. Routledge, London ; New York, pp. Ethnography, descriptive study of a particular human society or the process of making such a study. In the formal mode, multi-sited ethnography emerges from the objective following of a known conventional process, or an unconventional process—following a commodity chain/productive process, migration networks, or following a plot/narrative , a metaphor, or circulation of an idea. Falzon (Ed.). Europe and the people without history. Gluckman, M. 1958. Studying mobilities: Theoretical notes and methodological queries, Dajiangyou: Media practices of vernacular creativity in postdigital China, From radar systems to rickety boats: Borderline ethnography in Europe's 'illegality industry', The Social Affordances of Flashpacking: Exploring the Mobility Nexus of Travel and Communication, The Politicisation and ‘Occupy’sation of the Istanbul Film Festival Audience. Thornton, R. 1988. The data generation process targets key informants and situations so that relevant results on the pre-defined topic can be obtained within a … The multi-sited Malinowski who follows a positivist notion of “sites” definitely hamstrings any attempt on our part to break out of the little boxes we have inherited. Anthropological Quarterly. Aldershot, Hants, England ; Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 1-24. Ethnography through Thick and Thin. 77(2), 339-348. (eds. Join SED for a discussion on multi-sited ethnographic research design co-hosted with the New Directions in Culture, Power, and History Group in Anthropology. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 105-131. Other critiques took issue with conceptual rather than practical or ethical implications, focusing in particular on the relation between parts and wholes in multi-sitedness. 24, 95-117. Marcus, G. 1999a. In the process of pursuing the goals of engagement and adequacy notions of ethnography have however become stretched. Stocking, G. W. 1983. 2002. More common, unfortunately, as critic Hage noted (2005), was a mechanical application of the principle of extending ethnography over more than one site, associated with the somewhat fuzzy sense that this is an evident response to ‘(post-)modernity’, a state in which people move more and things are more connected. It may also follow conflicts that transcend boundaries. Arbitrary Locations: In defence of the bounded field-site. Ethnography is the description of cultures and the groups of people who live within them. The Uses of Complicity in the Changing Mise-en-Scene of Anthropological Fieldwork (1997). You can download the paper by clicking the button above. 2009. Falzon (Ed.). Wallerstein, I. M. 1979. Hage, G. 2005. Multi-Sited Ethnography has established itself as a fully-fledged research method among anthropologists and sociologists in recent years. An assemblage of framings and tamings: multi-sited analysis of infrastructures as a methodology. Life Exposed: Biological Citizens after Chernobyl. What if there is no elephant? Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. Wolf, E. 1983. as ‘multi-sited ethnography’ to describe and analyse how people, objects, ideas, symbols and commodities circulate and become interconnected within transnational processes of globalisation (Marcus1995). Multi-sited Ethnography. Marcus, G. 1999b. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. Below is the pre-print text of my entry on Multi-Sited Ethnography, in Barnard and Spencer's Routledge Encyclopaedia of Social and cultural anthropology. The drive for multi-sited ethnography is as much theoretical as methodological: it 2000. Journal of Cultural Economy: Vol. At the level of practice, then, the picture of ‘traditional’ anthropology as unthinkingly single-sited is a rather facile retrospective projection. Introduction: Anthropology on the Move. It responds to the challenge of combining multi-sited work with the need for in-depth analysis, allowing for a more considered study of social worlds. Multi-sited ethnography : theory, praxis and locality in contemporary research. Falzon (Ed.). When are sites separate, different, or otherwise distinguishable?’ (2004 n58, p216; For a sophisticated engagement with this problem which distinguishes between space, place and field, see Cook, Laidlaw, & Mair, 2009). Introduction: Multi-sited Ethnography: Theory, Praxis and Locality in Contemporary Research. In G. Marcus (Ed.). Multi-sited ethnography : theory, praxis and locality in contemporary research. The Extended-Case Method and Situational Analysis. & Spencer, J.) Current Anthropology. Hage (2005) dismisses multi-sited research as an actual impossibility, proposing instead the concept of a single discontinuous site. 2009. strong Collaboration as a Method for Multi-sited ethnography: on Mycorrhizal relations. Focused ethnography is an applied and pragmatic form of ethnography that explores a specific social phenomenon as it occurs in everyday life. The body impolitic : artisans and artifice in the global hierarchy of value. Herzfeld, M. 2004. See also Marcus, G. E., ‘ Multi-sited ethnography: five or six things I know about it now ’, in Coleman, S. and von Hellermann, P. Even Malinowski’s foundational Argonauts of the Western Pacific (1992) is written partly as a narrative of voyage and movement, following a complex economic practice from location to location, with asides on different cultural and social arrangements encountered ‘along the way’ (The Amphletts, Dobu, etc…). Pedelty, M. & Hannerz, U. Ethnography moves from its conventional single-site location, contextualized by macro-constructions of a larger social order, such as the capitalist world system, to multiple sites of observation and participation that cross-cut dichotomies such as the "local" The key word here is fieldwork. : towards a Conception of an un-sited Field. Science in action : how to follow scientists and engineers through society. (2019). In M.-A. In response, Marcus’ 1995 article proposed ‘multi-sited ethnography’ as a name for modes of research which collapse the distinction between the local site and the global system, thereby challenging the division of labour separating the ‘fieldsite’ as province of the ethnographer from the more abstract ‘context’ which requires the different tools of the economist or the political scientist. Recent discussions also explore the complex effect of time (and not just space) on the ‘thickness’ of multi-sited ethnographic projects (Falzon, 2009b). 2009b. In Routledge encyclopedia of social and cultural anthropology, (Eds, Barnard, A. The Rhetoric of Ethnographic Holism. The ubiquity of such unreflexive appeals to multi-stedness, led to a range of critical responses to Marcus’s coinage. 2009a. Ethnography is the practice developed in order to bring about that knowledge according to certain methodological principles, the most important of which is participant-observation ethnog… Annual Review of Anthropology. 41(2), 225-248. Analysis of a social situation in modern Zululand. Ethnography in/of the World System: The Emergence of Multi-Sited Ethnography. 461-477. Appadurai, A. Sweetness and power : the place of sugar in modern history. Anthropology is an academic discipline that constructs its intellectual imaginings upon empirical-based knowledge about human worlds. Book Description. Recapturing Anthropology: Working in the Present. Multi-sited ethnography is commonly used to designate (and amalgamate) two things which we will here attempt to distinguish: the first is the practice of pursuing ethnographic fieldwork in more than one geographical location. Aldershot, Hants, England ; Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 181-196. This postulation gives a superior status to the dwelling and privileges observation as the primary means of analyzing and comprehending. 6, pp. These multi-sited approaches have also provided the opportunity to develop new notions of intervention and explore alternative ways of making contributions to development of theory and practice. In M.-A. Anthropological Theory. The capitalist world-economy : essays. This collection of essays emerged out of intense conversations on multi-sited ethnography, prompted by a workshop held at the University of Sussex that brought together researchers from different institutional backgrounds and affiliations in Europe, the United States and Africa – including George Marcus himself, the person most associated with the term and the method. Multi-sited ethnography may also follow ethnic groups in diaspora, stories or rumours that appear in multiple locations and in multiple time periods, metaphors that appear in multiple ethnographic locations, or the biographies of individual people or groups as they move through space and time. Multi-sited Ethnography: Notes and Queries. In M.-A. Aldershot, Hants, England ; Burlington, VT: Ashgate. Marcus, G. 2009. Based on the literature a problem-focused research question is formulated before the data collection. Santa Fe, N.M.: School of American Research Press, 191-209. 2004. Review: Parachute Anthropology? The Craft of Social Anthropology. Cultural Anthropology. Join SED for a discussion on multi-sited ethnographic research design co-hosted with the New Directions in Culture, Power, and History Group in Anthropology.
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